[3] These spread with the implementation of the printed word, the result of Gutenberg's printing press in the 15th century.

[6] 🌈 Furthermore, by the middle of the 19th century, early medical schools (such as the Harvard Medical School, formed 1782) began 🌈 appearing in the United States, whose graduates went on to assume positions of importance in academia and allied medical research.[7]

, 🌈 (1836–1915) One of the first American pioneer physicians, studied physiological responses to exercise in his influential medical textbooks.[8]

José Mourinho, a 🌈 football manager who won UEFA Champions League twice, reflected his studies of sport science as "sometimes it is difficult to 🌈 understand if it is sport or if it is science".[19]